Federal judge halts removals in Los Angeles and Orange County, protecting tens of thousands from fast-track deportation efforts

A Trump-appointed federal judge in California has temporarily blocked the deportation of Venezuelan migrants under the Alien Enemies Act, a centuries-old law recently invoked by the Trump administration. The preliminary injunction, issued by U.S. District Judge John Holcomb, prevents the removal of most Venezuelan nationals residing in Central California, Los Angeles, and Orange Counties until further legal proceedings are held on due process requirements.

Key Details of the Ruling

The decision stems from a legal complaint by Darin Antonio Arevalo Millan, a Venezuelan migrant detained at the ICE facility in Adelanto, CA.
Arevalo challenged the government’s intent to deport him under the Alien Enemies Act without providing adequate legal notice or opportunity to contest the designation.
Judge Holcomb ruled that while the government denied using the law in Arevalo’s case, the threat of deportation under it remained “imminent,” thus justifying a court order to protect his rights.
The ruling blocks deportations under this law within the district, pending further hearings about what due process must be afforded.

Context and Broader Implications

The Alien Enemies Act, passed in 1798, allows the president to order the removal of noncitizens from countries deemed hostile during war or national emergency.
The Trump administration claims that the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua constitutes a “predatory incursion,” thereby justifying use of the law.
Multiple federal judges in New York, Colorado, and Texas have found the administration’s interpretation and use of the law unconstitutional or overly broad. A Pennsylvania court upheld it—but only if migrants receive due process.
In a separate blow, the U.S. Supreme Court recently ruled that the Trump administration can revoke Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for up to 350,000 Venezuelans nationwide, stripping them of the right to live and work legally in the U.S. unless Congress or the administration reinstates protections.

How Many Immigrants in LA Might Be Impacted?

Los Angeles County is home to an estimated 40,000 to 60,000 Venezuelan immigrants, many of whom currently rely on TPS or asylum proceedings to avoid deportation.
While Holcomb’s injunction applies to Central California, including Los Angeles and Orange Counties, only those at risk of being deported under the Alien Enemies Act are directly protected by the ruling.
Those losing TPS protections may still be at risk of deportation under separate immigration laws unless they qualify for asylum or other relief.

What Should At-Risk Immigrants Do Now?

Seek Legal Counsel Immediately
Immigrants who believe they may be impacted—especially Venezuelan nationals without permanent legal status—should contact an immigration attorney or local legal aid organizations. Free or low-cost legal services are available through groups such as:
- Immigrant Defenders Law Center
- Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights (CHIRLA)
- Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles (LAFLA)
Request Individual Immigration Hearings
Those issued deportation orders under expedited processes may request individual hearings to contest removal and argue for asylum, withholding of removal, or other protections.
Avoid Signing Voluntary Deportation Papers
Individuals detained by ICE should be cautious and not sign any documents without fully understanding their legal rights.
Stay Informed About Court Dates and Appeals
Judge Holcomb’s ruling is temporary. A final decision about due process and the Alien Enemies Act could come in the next several weeks or months.
Keep Documents Updated
Venezuelan nationals with TPS, asylum, or DACA should make sure their immigration paperwork is current and consult with attorneys about potential options if their protections lapse.